Security Plan For Longfellows Wine Group Information Technology Essay Essay Example

Security Plan For Longfellows Wine Group Information Technology Essay Essay With the duty for the private informations of 1000s of clients, its no admiration that Longfellows group counts information security as one of its top precedences. The end of Longfellows security plan is to implement cost effectual countermeasures that mitigate the exposures that will most likely lead to loss. This paper discusses the menaces which put Longfellows most at hazard of loss and the controls which they employ to countermeasure those menaces. A elaborate security policy is discussed, sketching single duties, security processs and catastrophe recovery programs. This paper besides makes future recommendations as to how Longfellows could break increase the security of their systems into the hereafter. We will write a custom essay sample on Security Plan For Longfellows Wine Group Information Technology Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Security Plan For Longfellows Wine Group Information Technology Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Security Plan For Longfellows Wine Group Information Technology Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Executive Summary: 2 1. Introduction 4 2. Organisation Description 4 Comprises of Longfellows Insurance Brokers, Longfellows Wine Export Pty Ltd, Winefellows Pty ltd, and Longfellows Shanghai Trading Pty Ltd. Presently they have 5 full clip employees in the Melbourne Office with two authorised representatives for the insurance securities firm one in QLD and one in NSW. The Melbourne office comprises of our chief / manager, Senior Insurance agent, Support Marketing and Administration trough, bookkeeper and Wine Export Logistics and China liaison. 4 There is eight staff in the Shanghai office including the Shanghai manager wholly related to gross revenues and disposal of wine exports into China from Australia. 4 . 4 2.1 Current Networked System 4 2.2 Organisational Chart 5 3 Security Policy 6 3.1 Security Goals 6 3.1.1 Duties of the Principle Director 6 3.1.2 Duties of the Operations Manager 7 3.1.3 Duties of the Marketing Officer 7 3.1.4 Duties of the Financial Controller 8 3.1.5 Duties of the IT Manager 9 3.2 Duties for Goals 9 3.3 Committedness to Security. 10 4. Current Security Status 10 4.1 Accidents and Catastrophes 10 4.1.1 Threats and Controls 10 4.1.2 Data Analysis 11 4.1.3 Cost Effectiveness of Controls 11 4.2 Data Attacks 12 4.2.1 Threats and Controls 12 4.2.2 Data Analysis 12 4.2.3 Cost Effectiveness of Controls 13 5. Decisions 13 6. Recommendations 14 6.1 Internal A ; External menaces 14 6.1.1 Threats and Controls 14 6.1.2 Data Analysis 14 6.1.3 Cost Effectiveness of Controls 15 7. Execution of recommended controls 15 7.1 Timetabling 15 7.2 Responsibility 15 7.3 Schedule for Review of Security and Control Items 16 Mentions 17 18 Appendix B 19 Appendix C 22 1. Introduction With the of all time increasing menace from virus, spyware, hackers and individuality offense the demand for secure calculating informations and equipment has reached new degrees in the modern age. Every administration and computing machine user knows all to well the harm malicious package can make to a computer science system, with that in head, major Information technology companies have develop ways to battle against these menaces and most employ more than one technique. Longfellows is Insurance company which offers securities firm and policies to concern and single clients likewise. Longfellows understands the demand to protect client s personal informations utilizing the best industry patterns and equipment available. Henry wadsworth longfellows do nt officially hold a security policy in relation to its calculating system but do hold one in topographic point for their employees. This papers will assist to sketch that policy and place the duties of all users. This papers chief focal point is to place those menaces probably to do failure or loss to Longfellows calculating systems and to seek to quantify those menaces and set up the cost of the controls to decrease those menaces. 2. Administration Description Comprises of Longfellows Insurance Brokers, Longfellows Wine Export Pty Ltd, Winefellows Pty ltd, and Longfellows Shanghai Trading Pty Ltd. Presently they have 5 full clip employees in the Melbourne Office with two authorised representatives for the insurance securities firm one in QLD and one in NSW. The Melbourne office comprises of our chief / manager, Senior Insurance agent, Support Marketing and Administration trough, bookkeeper and Wine Export Logistics and China affair. There is eight staff in the Shanghai office including the Shanghai manager wholly related to gross revenues and disposal of wine exports into China from Australia. . 2.1 Current Networked System Desktops: They presently have 10 Desktop machines in the Melbourne office with two of these moving as waiters and two of these are run on a splitter for the disposal manger/ selling. Laptop computing machines: Two laptops in Melbourne office for manager and senior agent and authorized reps have a lap top each. Printers: Three One coloring material bubble jet / Two Black and white optical masers. Waiters: One waiter runs HPML 10 Windowss Microsoft windows little concern waiter 2003 R2 and other one runs HP ML 10 Windows 2003 R2 Internet connexion: Speed is ADSL 2 plus provided by TPG cyberspace 2.2 Organisational Chart George Zaal Director Kellie Rose Administration/ Marketing Insurance A ; Wine Export Alex Jenner Operation Manager Insurance Lee Yan Logisticss and Supply Office for vino export Spirio Bombos IT Manager Johanna Garry Histories Insurance and Wine Export 3 Security Policy 3.1 Security Goals 3.1.1 Duties of the Principle Director Longfellows rule manager assures the security of all calculating assets processed internally or externally. ( Caelli, 1991 ) . This duty entails the execution of equal safe guards, including physical, administrative and proficient, to protect personal proprietorship and other sensitive informations, which may shack within the company s legal power. Giving consideration to Longfellows bing security patterns and past jobs a proficient security plan should incorporate at least the followers: Assign exclusive duty of all hardware and package installings to Spirio or to those who may win his place. Keep a showing and interview procedures for all those who operate or maintain computing machine systems with sensitive company informations. Levels of showing should be performed by the appropriate degree of direction with equal accomplishments to judge campaigners for the function. Specify a control procedure, implemented by appropriate direction to guarantee all new computing machine applications and alterations are physically and technically safe from failure, if informations is peculiarly sensitive so at a lower limit a bomber set of constabularies and duties should be included. Approve all application alterations prior to installing of the application and guarantee the person responsible for the security of the application has appropriate blessing. Review and look into all application proving, to see if the application meets approved security specifications. Upon completion of proving, a alteration of the consequences should be documented. Any interested parties should site the papers, there by admiting the application performs harmonizing to the trial process and meets the security policy. Longfellows rule manager and IT director will carry on and sporadically supervise the security precautions of sensitive application informations. Any amendments shall be documented and organised as portion of security paperss. Monitoring of system applications will be determined at appropriate intervals by direction and IT director. Any procurance of new hardware, package or other calculating peripherals are to be reviewed to guarantee they run into appropriate security demands and they conform to bing security constabularies. Assign duty to the IT director to carry on a hazard analysis of each computing machine installing. The hazard analysis should specify any possible failing with each constituent and aid cut down loss of sensitive informations in a ruinous event. An analysis should be performed whenever a new piece of equipment is introduced into the system, prior to blessing by direction and at periodic intervals non transcending longer than three old ages. Assign duties to guarantee the appropriate eventuality programs are topographic point to cover with a information loss event or equipment failure. These programs should detail the appropriate action/s and responsible parties in order to the return services. Plans should be reviewed when there are alterations to the system or the resulting losingss are increased. 3.1.2 Duties of the Operations Manager The operations director Alex Jenner ( current ) or predecessors shall help the manager and IT Manager in keeping the unity and security of all insurance informations and client contact inside informations. The operations director should adhere to current security policies and guarantee all personal and properness insurance informations is secure from failure. Should guarantee that equal cheques are performed before leting persons to come in or modify sensitive informations. Should guarantee in the event of failure that information is recoverable and that losingss are keep to a lower limit. 3.1.3 Duties of the Marketing Officer The Marketing director Kellie Rose ( current ) or predecessors shall help the manager and IT Manager in keeping the unity and security of all selling informations and email contact inside informations. The selling director should adhere to current security policies and guarantee all personal and properness selling informations is secure from failure. Should guarantee that equal cheques are performed before leting persons to come in or modify sensitive informations. Should guarantee in the event of failure that information is recoverable and that losingss are keep to a lower limit. 3.1.4 Duties of the Financial Controller The fiscal accountant Johanna Garry ( current ) or predecessors shall help the manager and IT Manager in keeping the unity and security of all fiscal informations. The fiscal accountant should adhere to current security policies and guarantee all personal and properness insurance informations is secure from failure. Should guarantee that equal cheques are performed before leting persons to come in or modify sensitive informations. Should guarantee in the event of failure that information is recoverable and that losingss are keep to a lower limit. 3.1.5 Duties of the IT Manager The IT director, with the blessing and way, of the rule manager shall: Issue and enforce security constabularies in line with the companies legal demands company criterions and industry best pattern for implementing calculating security. Ensure any purchase of new calculating equipment, whether package or hardware fitting current security policies Monitor and supply appropriate installations to house calculating equipment, so that ruinous events are minimised and unauthorized entry to sensitive calculating equipment is prevented. Ensure all calculating users are cognizant of system security steps and to react in instances of system failure. Conduct and reappraisal package and hardware system before and after their debut to the system. The reappraisal procedure must be documented and approved by appropriate direction. 3.2 Duties for Goals Position Incumbent Goals Director George Zaal 3.1.1 3.1.1.1 3.1.1.2 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 Operationss Manager Alex Jenner 3.1.2 Marketing Military officer Kellie Rose 3.1.3 Financial Controller Johanna Garry 3.1.4 IT Manager Spirio Bombos 3.1.5 3.3 Committedness to Security. As Longfellows is chiefly an Insurance agent, security is of the topmost importance. All of Longfellows employees are required to reexamine and subscribe the company s Information Security Policy, as per employee contracts. The aim of these contracts is to educate employees on the sensitiveness of the confidential informations stored on the Longfellows systems and to guarantee that all protections are taken to safe guard Information Assets and bound exposure to those people without a demand to cognize. Personal and Insurance information that is held on by Longfellows is protected through the usage of secure watchwords, firewalls and a locked and restrained premiss. Entree to personal information is limited to those who specifically need it to carry on their concern duties. Longfellows besides maintain physical security processs to pull off and protect the usage and storage of paper records incorporating personal information. Longfellows will merely maintain personal information so long as required by jurisprudence and will take sensible stairss to destruct or for good de-identify personal information when we no longer needed. Longfellows will non unwrap information about you to a company which is non a related entity unless the revelation is required or authorised by jurisprudence, or you have consented to unwraping the information about you. If you apply for an insurance policy, they may necessitate to unwrap your information to our related entities, our distributers such as agents and agents, other insurance companies, and insurance mention agency in order to find your claims history. I believe Longfellows is extremely committed to guaranting calculating security and personal security of all their clients. This degree of security committedness helps to develop a trusting relationship with their clients and unafraid prospective concern in the hereafter. 4. Current Security Status 4.1 Accidents and Catastrophes 4.1.1 Threats and Controls Power rushs, Fire, hardware failures and inadvertent omissions are low hazard events. As the companies chief office is in a major capital power breaks are uncommon, the last reported major power outage was summer of 2009 for Melbourne ( ABC News, viewed 3 May 2009 ) which caused important jobs for most of the metropolis. Rush defenders are placed on all electrical calculating sockets to pretext against unexpected power rushs. Fire could do the most important harm to the calculating system hardware and any non backup informations. The waiter room is protected by a gas extinction system which would protect hardware if the fire started else ware. All desktops would necessitate replacing as the fire system is a standard H2O system. Accidental omissions are non common events, if they were to happen informations from the backup thrust could be used to reconstruct services and informations. Hardware failures may ensue in non antiphonal constituents of the system, if a constituent is suspected of being faulty a suited replacings are readily available at a really low cost. 4.1.2 Data Analysis Figures are derived from Figure 1 Appendix A. The likeliness of exposure is a quantitative figure scaled from 0.0 to 1.0. The higher the figure indicates a high opportunity of exposure to a menace. A figure of 0.3 for power loss indicates this menace is non likely to happen shortly but still may go on at some point. Unrelated to likelihood value Level of exposure figure is per centum figure which indicates the effect should a menace eventuate. A high per centum figure would bespeak for illustration, that should a fire destroy the system so merely approximately 25 % of the system would be affected, insurance A ; personal informations could be restored from backups and waiter and desktop package re-installed from purchased package discs, all located off-premise. The cost of replacing all calculating hardware is around $ 12,000. Control bing are based upon the in agreement values of controls in topographic point to battle possible menaces, Longfellows has a dedicated waiter room with a gas fire suppression system. It has a really high apparatus associated with the apparatus The one-year loss anticipation figure is derived from the value of the plus and it quantitative value should it be compromised by a menace. As most of the menaces are see low the loss is every bit low. Combined control effectivity is a per centum figure which represents the entire effectivity of all controls against menaces for information onslaughts it s estimated to be about 99 % effectual. Savingss are calculated against the one-year cost anticipation combined with control effectiveness figure, weighted against the cost of implementing the controls. Covered Loss describes the exposed cost against the possible nest eggs. 4.1.3 Cost Effectiveness of Controls The entire hazard analysis is planned for five old ages, if the company were non to see against the possible menaces so they could anticipate to lose around $ 4000 per twelvemonth. The high apparatus cost with the fire system reduces nest eggs for the first three old ages until the system pays for itself in old ages four and five. Hardware failure and package omissions are good covered by informations backup and the comparatively inexpensive cost of calculating system on the market. Security menaces from internal and external users are besides considered in the analysis. Logins from a distant beginning utilizing a valid user ID is possible given entree is granted to insurance field agents, likely interlopers could utilize cardinal lumbermans or package sniffers to observe an unfastened session with Longfellows waiter and addition entry via utilizing valid login certificates. Internal user may inadvently may derive entree to countries of sensitive informations through the internal web, to which they may non hold rights to position. This sort of invasion may travel unnoticed but if the employee were of all time to travel on so sensitive information may be used or divulged to an un-trusted outside beginning. 4.2 Datas Attacks 4.2.1 Threats and Controls As Longfellows employ s two waiters, eight desktops and two remote login computing machines for field employees it has high exposure to data onslaughts. Internet entree is allowed with no limitations so the menace from viruses either come ining from internal or external beginnings is high. Types of informations onslaughts may include worms, Trojan horses, and Spam or electronic mail lumbermans. As with any company or single utilizing the cyberspace, the menace of virus and other malicious package is considered high. Controls against this sort of onslaught are by and large provisioned for by utilizing the latest anti virus package, presently Longfellows usage Symantec Antivirus corporate edition, with a 12 month renewable licence. Two other controls are considered the Native O/S, Longfellows uses Microsoft little concern waiter, which contains security logs as portion of the O/S. Logs can capture any unusual events which may happen when the system is running. The other control is the external difficult rive which is used for regular backups of the sever informations, the thrust is maintain off premiss and is used hebdomadally. 4.2.2 Data Analysis The likeliness of exposure is a quantitative figure scaled from 0.0 to 1.0. The higher the figure indicates a high opportunity of exposure menace. A figure of 0.9 indicates this menace is likely to happen at some point. Unrelated to likelihood value Level of exposure figure is per centum figure which indicates the effect should a menace eventuate. A high per centum figure would bespeak for illustration, that should a virus enter the system so 85 % of the system could be affected. Control bing are based upon the in agreement values of package or hardware controls in topographic point to battle possible menaces, Longfellows uses antivirus package which is renewable every 12 months, a portable difficult thrust for system backup and the pick of O/S for the system ( i.e. Windows ) used for logging studies and audits of the system. The one-year loss anticipation figure is derived from the value of the plus and it quantitative value should it be compromised by a menace. A virus for illustration could be the company a $ 100,000 in corrupted informations. Each twelvemonth the value of a loss increases a 100 % . Combined control effectivity is a per centum figure which represents the entire effectivity of all controls against menaces for information onslaughts it s estimated to be about 80 % effectual. Savingss are calculated against the one-year cost anticipation combined with control effectiveness figure, weighted against the cost of implementing the controls. Covered Loss describes the exposed cost against the possible nest eggs. 4.2.3 Cost Effectiveness of Controls The entire hazard analysis is planned for five old ages, if the company were non to see against the possible menaces so they could anticipate to lose in surplus of $ 1000000 in lost informations but by passing $ 5000 over five old ages could anticipate to command any of the menaces happening at all. 5. Decisions Longfellows implements some really good criterion patterns for procuring calculating informations, the usage of an industry trusted waiter which comes bundle with security characteristics built in, for illustration user histories, watchword creative activity and user privileges on the web. A current anti-virus bundle is used in concurrence with the O/S to protect against information onslaughts, with updates this should maintain the system free from viruses introduced via cyberspace or by work users. As an insurance agent they evidently keep sensitive personal and fiscal informations about clients so to protect this plus, they use of an external Hardrive kept of premiss, and used on a regular basis to maintain the system current in the event of system failure or inadvertent omissions. The chief disbursal is for the fire system in the waiter room, its initial spending was high and the company should truly merely be seeing a return on this in the hereafter. On the whole most controls have been comparatively inexpensive to implement and supply great security benefits. Overall the administration is non in demand of a major system upgrade, but could fasten overall security by implementing some of the undermentioned recommendations. 6. Recommendations As Longfellows system is comparatively unafraid merely one recommendation is presented. This is to fasten security with regard to external and internal interlopers. As two users have remote login with the system, it possibly possible for hackers to happen ways to externally commandeer the system. Detailed below is analysis for commanding such menaces. 6.1 Internal A ; External menaces 6.1.1 Threats and Controls Whether by accident or with malicious purpose the menace of unwraping secure information by internal employees is a existent menace. Longfellows employees are signed into contracts saying confidentiality about company clients, but it is still possible for an internal user to derive entree to unauthorized countries of a system by-passing security characteristics. The menace of external interlopers is of higher importance sophisticated computing machine usage s can utilize arrange of tools to derive entree to procure system, package sniffing, cardinal lumbermans and unfastened Sessionss are ways external user addition entree so go forth a back door for ulterior entry, all the clip seeking to intensify privileges within the system. It s recommended that Longfellows use a two fold attack to command these types of menaces An ISA endeavor firewall, a Microsoft merchandise specifically designed to run with Windowss little concern server a basic bundle provides unafraid coverage for a little to medium size web 2. Another hardware device a NIDS ( web invasion sensing system ) switch. All traffic will go through through the inline NIDS. Unlike a regular bridging device though, the inline NIDS will inspect the package for any exposures that it is configured to look for. If a package contains a piece of information that trips a signature the package can be forwarded or dropped and either logged or unlogged. This type of system is utile if you do nt desire the aggressor to cognize that their onslaughts are unsuccessful or if you want the aggressor to go on to assail one of your systems in an effort to garner more grounds. NIDS can besides be configured to analyze packages within the internal web. 6.1.2 Data Analysis The likeliness of exposure is a quantitative figure scaled from 0.0 to 1.0. The higher the figure indicates a high opportunity of exposure menace. A figure of 0.7 indicates this menace is extremely likely to happen at some point. Unrelated to likelihood value Level of exposure figure is per centum figure which indicates the effect should a menace eventuate. A high per centum figure would bespeak for illustration, that should an interloper enter the system so 85 % of the system could be affected. Control costing is based upon the in agreement market values of package or hardware controls in topographic point to battle possible menaces Longfellows if they were to implement these controls would be around $ 10,000 The one-year loss anticipation figure is derived from the value of the plus and it quantitative value should it be compromised by a menace. An external onslaught for illustration could be the company a $ 200,000 if the interloper went unnoticed and stole personal information of Longfellows clients. Each twelvemonth the value of a loss increases a 100 % . Combined control effectivity is a per centum figure which represents the entire effectivity of all controls against menaces for information onslaughts it s estimated to be about 80 % effectual. Savingss are calculated against the one-year cost anticipation combined with control effectiveness figure, weighted against the cost of implementing the controls. Covered Loss describes the exposed cost against the possible nest eggs. 6.1.3 Cost Effectiveness of Controls Longfellows would derive vastly from implementing tighter control of internal and external aggressors, really important personal informations, which may include recognition and banking inside informations could be capable to unauthorized entree. By put ining a more robust firewall and NIDS system security breaches become more hard for likely interlopers. The cost of puting the controls in topographic point far outweighs the loss, if a security breach of all time occurs. 7. Execution of recommended controls 7.1 Timetabling See Appendix C -Gantt chart 7.2 Duty Control Undertaking Description Undertaking duty Supervision NIDS switch Acquisition A ; Purchase Financial Controller IT Manager Director Installation A ; Initial proving IT Manager Director Final System proving IT Manager Director ISA Firewall Acquisition A ; Purchase Financial Controller IT Manager Director Installation A ; Initial proving IT Manager Director Final System proving IT Manager Director 7.3 Schedule for Review of Security and Control Items Item for Review Duty Frequency Virus package reappraisal IT Manager Weekly O/S upgrade + licensing Financial accountant Annually External Hardrive proving + ascent IT Manager 3 months Rush defenders proving Constructing care officer A ; IT director 12 months Fire system proving Fire section 6 months ISA Firewall IT director 3 months NIDS switch IT trough 3 months Password file Administration officer Weekly Security policy reappraisal IT Manager/ Director 12 months

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Cloudstreet Essay How is your personal interpretation of Cloudstreet governed by its treatment of enduring values? Cloudstreet, a sprawling saga composed by Tim Winton, explores the enduring values of reconciliation, hope and the inevitable unity of family that forms the basis for our existence. Through the overarching techniques of context and the use of the Australian vernacular, Winton presents his nostalgia for the traditional Australian life, as well as encouraging the responder to consider universal issues which lie at the core of human experience, such as the need to treat others equally. By passing the Pickles and the Lambs through a series of trials and tribulations, in accordance with the strength of sagaic novels, Winton examines important ideas and philosophies about humankind. Through the examination of pivotal moments within the text, such as Fish’s near drowning in the river, the responder is able to gain their interpretation of the book and its treatment of the universal values of reconciliation, hope and family unity. Cloudstreet’s treatment of the theme of reconciliation highlights the need for people to find reconciliation within their existences, hence showing individual reconciliation with the forces of existence to be a central thematic concern. In Cloudstreet, this idea is expressed through Sam’s meeting with the blackfella after he returns from voting. While Sam implements classic Australian colloquialisms in his complaints about â€Å"some rich bastard†, he simultaneously plots to â€Å"sell the house for some real money†. This use of irony highlights Sam’s (symbolising the typical white man) ignorance of the fortune which he holds and which he considers to be mainstream. As a result, Sam is portrayed as a representative of white ignorance, and while he seems to be an average Australian, Winton portrays him to be a symptom of what is wrong with Australia as, while Sam is able to sense the â€Å"otherworldliness† of the blackfella, he perseveres with his callous plans to exploit home and to be disconnected from his spiritual existence. This idea is further exemplified through Sam’s gesture of offering a cigarette to the blackfella. The symbolism in this image presents Sam as the epitome of all that the class that he represents is able to provide. Reconciliation provides the basis for the emergent and disturbing spirituality of the house. The origins of the horror and ominous spirituality that exudes from the house lies in the misguided and ignorant need to socialise Aboriginals, evidenced in the horrendous treatment of the Aboriginal girls in the house that emerges from this ignorant misunderstanding. Hence, through the metaphor of Sam, Winton comments upon contemporary social and political problems and particularly the culture of denial within Australian culture at the time. This idea of the need for reconciliation is also expressed through the idea of family. The importance of family is another consistent theme throughout the novel. In Debts, Winton explores the instinctive force that drives members of a family to protect one another, despite all previous conflict. This is evidenced through Lester and Quick’s feelings of responsibility for Fish, which, particularly in the case of Quick, is driven by the guilt of Fish’s near drowning. As Lester says, â€Å" We owe him things†¦don’t forget Fish†¦don’t pretend to Fish. † The desperate, beseeching tone represents his instinctive desire to help Fish, in order to find reconciliation within himself. This idea is further expressed in â€Å"Ghostly sensations†, where Rose supports Sam during his desperate attempt at suicide. Despite Rose’s feelings towards her father’s burden on the family, which Sam himself recongises, â€Å"I’m a weak stupid bastard. † Rose assumes responsibility and protects her father. This is expressed through the motherly image of â€Å"She grabbed his head and pulled it to her breast. † The characters demonstrate the almost primeval urge that drives family members to protect one another, effectively communicated through Winton’s use of language. Thus, Winton shows his nostalgia for earlier times, when these values were at the core of Australian society. The theme of hope in Cloudstreet is expressed primarily through the Pickles’ stringent belief in the presence of the â€Å"shifty shadow†. The motif of the shifty shadow runs throughout the novel, presenting itself as a satirisation of the ideas of conventional religion and its affiliated dogma, and establishes a means by which characters such as Sam and Rose justify the unfathomable forces which govern their lives. The imagery of the â€Å"spinning knife†, which is used to decide whether the Lambs will start a shop or who is washing up, presents the idea that, for these characters, religion is more significant as a social context than as any element of a resolution of faith. The dislocation that the Pickles and the Lambs feel from the idea of God echoes Winton’s view that the contemporary working class could not relate to Christian ideals because of their own lack of fortune. Sam’s own nterpretation of the shifty shadow reflects pagan views of the world, in that he maintains a respect for rituals that is fundamental to all societies. â€Å"You stay right there till the shadow’s fallen across whoever’s lucky or unlucky enough, and then when it’s all over, you go out and get on with your business. † The colloquial tone of this sentence emphasises to the responder that, despite his working class background, there are ritualistic ideas bred into him and which he will not contravene. As such, Cloudstreet’s treatment of the theme of the shifty shadow examines spirituality as well as the unknowable. Cloudstreet’s treatment of the values of individual reconciliation, the importance of family and hope reflects its contextual situation, that of late 20th century Australia. Moreover, it reflects Winton’s desperate longing for an era of post war Australia. Through a close examination of the text, the responder gains insight into the central and enduring values of Winton’s society.

Preemies and Pain :: Newborn Infants Medicine Papers

Preemies and Pain "Ouch!!" Ordinarily, that word elicits a predictable response. However, is that response one that is unilaterally perceived? The topic of pain endurance is one that is often discussed. It is understood that the feeling of discomfort is something abhorrent to all people, and is intrinsic at birth. While most people assume that the level of torment is comparable in all people, scientists have recently begun exploring the possibility that pain tolerance may be greatly dissimilar among individuals. Recently, in class, we have wondered how anyone could be sure that pain is felt to the same degree in all people. It is a fact that all humans feel pain due to the presence of pain receptors. When confronted with a stimulus, the nerves send signals to the brain, which interprets the signals as discomfort. We know that others feel pain because we are able to communicate with one another. If something hurts a person, that individual is able to say, "Ouch, that hurts." While the majority of humans are able to express their discomfort, there is one group that does not have that luxury. Because babies are unable to speak, and subsequently communicate their feelings, we automatically assume they feel no pain. Because of this situation, there has long been a debate concerning babies and their threshold of pain. People recognize that babies signal their pain in a variety of ways, including crying and contorted facial gestures. Although scientists might deem these reactions as mere reflexes because they have no definitive measure of the infant's pain threshold, most doctors believe that a newborn feels pain. This tenet is due to the existence of a completed nervous system. If people are at the mercy of their systems, and this is why they feel pain, it would make sense that an infant, with a complete nervous system, would feel the same way. Nevertheless, until ten years ago, it was not acknowledged that premature, or even, unborn children feel pain because people believed that their nervous systems were too immature to function properly (2). Because of this, it was acceptable practice in the past for doctors to operate on premature babies without anesthesia because they thought that, even if the babies felt pain, they would not suffer any long-term damage (1).

Representation of gender in Men Behaving Badly and Absolutely Fabulous Essay

Compare how the representation of gender is constructed by the way character’s appearance and dialogue in your two chosen television programmes In comparing Men Behaving Badly and Absolutely Fabulous I will find both differences and similarities in gender construction. Absolutely Fabulous is heavily set towards extreme female stereotypes and the male characters are mainly weak, whereas in Men Behaving Badly the male characters are more dominant and their attitudes and relationships to the female characters is more obvious. In the Absolutely Fabulous episode Menopause, there are many stereotypes regarding women. Through Edina we see the woman struggling to be a mother, have a career and delay the ageing progress. Edina wears clothes inappropriate to her age and applies a lot of vibrant coloured makeup to try and make herself appear youthful and fashionable which she miserable fails to do. Edwina’s language throughout the episode is far from the traditional stereotype of women being ladylike and polite. Edina is much the opposite, a very loud and flamboyant woman. This contributes much to her character as it emphasises her struggle to keep herself young and stylish. In this particular episode we see Edina’s PR company failing to strive alongside the rival company, and it shows the viewers Edina’s desperate desire to become famous and popular, which gives reason to her appearance. Edina’s attitude of old age is revealed when Patsy, her best friend and the person she is most clo se to, shows signs of age. Edina shrieks in horror at Patsy’s weak bones, and insists the menopause support group sit on bin bags. Although these actions are extreme, viewers who also fear the problems ageing brings may relate to her panic. The role of Patsy is played even more raucous and brash then Edina. Patsy’s character wears much more sophisticated clothes then Edina, although her make up is not as vibrant it is still thickly implied. This implies perhaps Patsy is just as scared of ageing as Edina, and her makeup is there to cover up tell-tale signs of ageing such as wrinkles and lines. In this episode Patsy appears in Edina’s daughters daydream, and in this we see Patsy acting the opposite of how she usually does. Patsy decides to have a baby, constantly wears an apron and speaks much more polite and quietly then her normal self. Through this opposite view of Patsy we get an idea of what her characteristics are normally. Through her dialogue in this daydream we hear comments that imply Patsy has never had a maternal instinct before. In telling Edina of her decision to have a baby, Edina cries â€Å"But you don’t have ovaries!† to which Patsy calmly replies â€Å"I do! They found them lodged up by my ribs were that silly Arab doctor put them!† Patsy’s dialogue conveys a lot of information about her character to the audience. The way Patsy reacts to her easily broken wrist shows her denial at the seriousness of her condition, and her reluctance to go to the doctor shows deep down she knows she is ageing. Patsy and Edina’s lifestyle is not that of responsible middle age women, at the very beginning of this episode we see the two of them using drugs and in their confusion mistaking a phone ringing for illogical things such as bees and shoes. The responsible character in the house is ironically Edina’s daughter Saffron. Saffron is a young university student and this group would normally be stereotyped as being careless, rebellious and wild, though in a reverse stereotype Saffron is in fact very sensible and intelligent! Saffron is dressed in smart trousers and a brown woolly pullover, has unruly hair and wears smart glasses. These clothes are not the sort of fashion for a girl her age, and it emphasises her reversal on the normal student stereotype. It is amusing to the audience as the mother and daughter seem to take on each other’s normal stereotypical characteristics. Edina hanging out with her best friend taking drugs, and Saffron attempting to control her. In comparison, the male characters of Men Behaving Badly lack responsibility and this relates to Edina’s neglect of parental duty. Gary shows lack of responsibility in his relationship with Dorothy, as he can’t seem to decide whether to kick out his best friend Tony or his girlfriend. As a thirty year old men it would seem obvious to choose Tony to leave, but the fact he debates over makes the scenario seem immature and amusing to the viewers. Gary is dressed smartly and although he runs a security company, he dresses his ageing employers in absurd security outfits which highlights his childish side. Gary talks in slang about Dorothy, referring to her as ‘his bird’ which shows he perhaps doesn’t respect her as a girlfriend quite as much as he should do at his age, as the term is more used with younger men as references to their new and latest conquest. Gary seems to value his late night drinks with his ‘mate’ Tony so much he actually considers Dorothy second best to him, and the stress of their reactions causes him to have nightmares ending in tragedy over him, which is ironic since they both move out in the end! Tony’s character is much more ‘laddish’ then Gary as he seems much more lazy and careless. Tony has no job and spends the entire episode thinking of ways to get his female neighbour into bed, and then attempting to tattoo himself. His clothes are scruffy and look old and well worn and he doesn’t seem to make much effort with his appearance. Tony is being stereotyped as what some people would perceive as a ‘normal man’, though perhaps more exaggerated than normal. His love of beer and his ‘mates’ make him fit the male pub crowd, his scruffy clothes and lack of interest in his appearance and his casual language and constant use of swearing is all seen as very manly. His attitude to Debs, his neighbour, is also a typical stereotype of men that only think about sex. Debs is a single, blonde attractive woman upstairs from the other three characters, and is constantly lusted after by Tony. Deb’s clothes are fashionable and sophisticated and she acts very ladylike. Deb’s appearance shows she looks after herself and takes time with her makeup and clothes. Deb’s character contrasts with the characteristics of Dorothy, who simply rushes out of the door once she is dressed in her nurse’s uniform. Dorothy is dark haired and is in a relationship with Gary, Dorothy looks smart but doesn’t seem to bother much with her appearance and make up, which shows her relaxed attitude around Gary. It highlights the idea that when women are single they make more effort with themselves, and it relates to Gary’s attitude to living with Dorothy. â€Å"Living with your bird is a bit like living at home with your parents. You have to keep your room tidy and you can’t put up the posters you want!† Dorothy uses sarcasm around Gary, and it seems she is just as bored of him as he is of her. Dorothy does not seem to show much affection to Gary, when she addresses him she uses a flat tone with not much emotion in her voice. Through Dorothy’s dialogue the viewers can pick up on faults in their relationship and her attitudes to Gary.

NSA Eavsdropping VS Privacy rights Essay

Abstract The United States government should not have the right to eavesdrop and target U.S citizens because of matter of national security. However if we have nothing to hide from the government, then why we should be afraid of the government eavesdropping on U.S citizens because of a national security reason, if according to the government it is to benefit and protect us? Should we give our privacy rights away for security? â€Å"Once you’ve lost your privacy, you realize you’ve lost an extremely valuable thing.† (Graham B. 1958). In this essay I will talk about the National Security Agency eavesdropping versus privacy rights. I will also discuss whether the National security agency should have or not the right to take U.S citizens digital privacy away in exchange of security. I will also share my opinion on which side I stand and the reasons why I believe so, supported by veridical facts that are known and have been exposed to the light from the United States government. However I will also emphasize the government’s point of view. Last after having both sides perspectives and facts, I will conclude explaining on which side I stand and the reasons why, based on the research that I will provide to the reader throughout the essay. Should the National Security Agency have the right to listen to all digital communications and target all Americans because a matter of â€Å"national security†? In order for the National Security Agency to have complete access to all types of digital communications it w ould need a warrant against all civilians. Therefore if the National Security Agency is really using secret warrants, then it is violating the fourth amendment of the constitution of the United Sates which is the part of the Bill of Rights that prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures, it also requires any warrant to be judicially sanctioned. Under the Fourth Amendment, law enforcement must receive written permission from a court of law, or a qualified magistrate, to lawfully search and seize  evidence while investigating criminal activity. Therefore if the national security is using these warrants against all U.S citizens, then all Americans are being considered criminals by the government. The Bush administration passed through the congress a secret warrant to give through the United States Department of Defense full access and authority to the National Security Agency to eavesdrop on all United States citizen digital communications and databases. Now what is the National Security Agency â€Å"NSA†, and what is the function and purpose of this agency? The National Security Agency is the main producer and manager of signals intelligence for the United States. Estimated to be the largest intelligence agency in terms of personnel and budget, the NSA operates under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense and reports to the Director of National Intelligence who is Keith Alexander. The National Security Agency is home to America’s code makers and code breakers. The National Security Agency has provided timely information to U.S. decision makers and military leaders for more than half a century. The National Security Agency is unique among the U.S. defense agencies because of the government wide responsibilities. National Security Agency provides products and services to the Department of Defense, the Intelligence Community, government agencies, industry partners, and selected allies. They also deliver critical strategic and tactical information to war planners and war fighters. According to this information that was shared by Keith Alexander in 2009, the National Security Agency clearly has a lot of power, however this power should be used to target potential threats against the U.S citizens, not the U.S citizens. In the past year, the NSA has repeatedly denied that it is collecting data on U.S. citizens. In March 2012, NSA chief Keith Alexander told Congress that his agency doesn’t even have the ability to collect data on Americans. â€Å"The NSA gathers intelligence under Section 702 of the FISA Amendment Act, which allows the NSA to gather data on non-U.S. citizens outside the U.S. It also gathers tens of thousands of â€Å"domestic communications† by and from Americans in its normal gathering of foreign surveillance, according to declassified court finding.† (PBS. 2013). Now we can observe that there is a contradiction in between what the National Security is saying about spying on people, and what many articles are actually saying. However if these accusations from the people are true, how can we be sure and support them  since the National Security Agency is a classified agency that will never disclose this information with the civilians? A former contractor from the National security agency Edward Snowden gave away his liberty and his salary, which was above two hundred thousand dollars a year. Just to tell the world through The Guardian that the National Security Agency was violating the fourth amendment and spying all digital communications and targeting all civilians as high risk targets against the United States. Snowden said he just wanted the public to know what the government was doing. â€Å"Even if you’re not doing anything wrong you’re being watched and recorded,† (CNN. 2013). Snowden told The Guardian newspaper in the United Kingdom that he had access to the full rosters of everyone working at the NSA, the entire intelligence community, and undercover assets around the world. â€Å"I’m just another guy who sits there day to day in the office, watching what’s happening, and goes, ‘This is something that’s not our place to decide.’ The public needs to decide whether these programs or policies are right or wrong,† (The Guardian. 2013). When Edward Snowden issue happened and turned the people’s trust and faith against the government, the people started wondering and researching what were the methods that the government was using to target and spy all digital communications. PRISM, for example, is a clandestine mass electronic surveillance known to have been operated by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) since 2007. The Prism program collects stored Internet communications based on demands made to Internet companies such as Google Inc. The Apple Company just officially announced another source that helps the National Security Agency with data and information, when the iPhone 5s came out they announced that they would be sharing their database with National Security Agency. â€Å"Tim Richardson, District Manager of Apple’s North America Marketing Department admits about the sharing of Database with NSA, he said to Jane M. Agni† (Hackersnewsbulletin. 2013). The National Security Agency has been compiling a special database for over a year now to use with the new Apple technology. This clearly says that through the National Security Agency the government has an extremely high interest on listing and monitoring all communications of civilians. Of course people don’t find this acceptable, neither they can believe anything that leaders from the  government say. Civilians now think that when our leaders like the National Security Agency say nobody is listening to your phone calls, after the facts of the whistleblower, it actually means that all phone calls and digital communications are being intercepted, recorded and saved, then converted to text via a computer software which is PRISM. Prism then converted the txt into a metadata that gets analyzed by a computer algorithm and searched by National Security contractors. The contractors can listen to both recorded and live calls, as well as read emails, chats, financial histories, and then get the secret court rubber-stamp for the secret warrant, which is completely against the fourth amendment. However, the government is completely aware that this is a total violation of the fourth amendment, so they classified it as a matter of national security because they know if Americans realized what they are actually doing they will be upset and take action against it. Even if they spent billions of dollars trying to hide it, at some point the will truth come out. And president Obama said the same thing in 2008, but it seems that he didn’t take his own advice, that he gave to his administration in his first speech as president. Eventually the truth came out even that rumors of these violations were going around Edward Snowden made it official and this created many protests against the government. One of the main groups that took action against it is t he Anonymous group, who are an anonymous group of hackers from all around the world who work together against the government. Their weapon against the government is data information, they hack into classified networks and then they share the information they obtain with everyone. Their emblem is, â€Å"Knowledge is free, we are anonymous, we are a legion, we don’t forgive, we don’t forget, expect us.† If a government cannot be clear and not show their people what they want, then the civilians will stand up against the government and that is what the anonymous group is doing. For example, they are having a march on Washington D.C, and they are expecting 5 million people to show up to show the government how they feel about their acts and violations. If they don’t stop denying what has been clearly shown and proved by people from inside the government the people of the United States will take into consideration other options to change the government and its way of doing things without a permission of consent of the civilians. If we look back to history, every time there has been a revolution it is because  the people were tired of an oppressing government and they took action against it, but at the same time Americans are not focused on what is really happening in the government. They are too focused into what the media is feeding them which is another of the government’s methods to keep people distracted from the violations they are doing, and this is what all these anonymous type of groups are doing, which is to try to wake people up to the reality of all the rights we are losing because of a matter of national security. Internet References ACLU. (2013). â€Å"ACLU sues NSA for massive spying program† American civil liberties of union. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/secure/aclu-sues-nsa-massive-spying-program-stand-us CNN. (2013). â€Å"Man behind NSA says he did it to safeguard privacy, liberty. CNN Politics. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/10/politics/edward-snowden-profile/index.html Electric Frontier Foundation. (2013). â€Å"NSA spying on Americans†. Defending your rights in the digital world 2014. Retrieved from https://www.eff.org/nsa-spying Parks, Alika. (2013) â€Å"NSA wiretapping. â€Å"Government agencies foster unfair economic advantages†. The Huffington Post. September 9 2013. PBS. (2013) â€Å"NSA ability to intercept domestic communications raises more privacy questions† PBS Newshour. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/government_programs/july-dec13/nsa_08-21.html National Security Agency. (2009). Freedom of Information act. Retrieved from http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/foia/index.shtml The Guardian. (2013) â€Å"Latest on the computer analyst whistleblower who provided theGuardian with top-secret NSA documents leading to revelations about US surveillanceon phone and internet communications†. The NSA Files. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/edward-snowden Hackers News bulletin. (2013) â€Å" Apple admits, iPhone 5s finger print database to be shared with NSA†.HN Bulletin News. Retrieved from http://hackersnewsbulletin.com/2013/09/apple-admits-iphone-5s-fingerprint-database-shared-nsa.html

Which fruits can power a light best from the acidic level in them.

Which fruits can power a light best from the acidic level in them. MATERIALS1. copper electrode2. zinc electrode3. multimeter capable of measuring voltage4. flashlight light bulb 1.2 volts5. screw base or socket for light bulb6. wires7. aligator clips8. board for mounting the base or board9. 2 lemons10. 2 grapefruit11. 2 bananas12. 2 limesPROBLEM/QUESTIONTo determine which fruits will generate enough electricity to light a light bulb and to see which fruit will light a bulb the longest.Can fruits produce electricity to light a light bulb?I think that citrus fruit can produce electricity but not enough to light a light bulb of 1.2 volts.ResearchMy experiment was to see of you could produce electricity from fruits. I got electricity out of grapefruits, lemons, limes, and bananas. It took me about an hour or two to get this experiment but to get all the typing and to decorate my board it will probably take me about 2 hours.Transparentised version of Image:Gluehlampe 01 KMJ...I have also found out that certain fruits contain substances such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, and NADH.The fruit with the citric acid is the type of fruit I used. citric acid seemed to produce a lot of electricity but not enough to light a light bulb.in order to power a light bulb you will need both voltage and current. When connect fruit in parallel, it gives you a higher current. Connect the fruit in series arrangement it increase the voltage.Voltaic Battery Test ResultsGrapefruit1..10 volts2..12 volts3..15 voltsThe grapefruit with the most volts will not produce lightLemons1..40 volts2..35 volts3..35 voltsOne lemon does not light a bulb. When 1 and 2 are in series it contains .45 volts.Limes1..25 volts2..20 volts3..20 voltsWhen 1...

Busines Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Busines Management - Essay Example Although Royal Mail is a private company but it enjoys certain special benefits provided by the government to shield it from growing competition. Such protection played an important role in downfall of the company. The decision taken by the company regarding modernisation and automation can result to job cut of more than 60, 000 employees. In respond to this, Communication Workers Union (CWU) asked the workers to go for a strike till the matter is sought out. Such strikes are not in the UK postal industry, many strikes has taken place in past which are equally responsible for the poor condition of UK postal industry. If the management of Royal Mail want to settle the prevailing unrest, they have to understand implement Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). Strategic Human Resource Management brings integration between corporate strategy and HR practices of the company. Such linkage assists the company to achieve its organisational goals in the best possible way (Devine, S. K. 1992). For any organisation its human resource is the biggest asset and it needs proper management so that it can act as strategic partner and the company can gets benefited in the long term (Lawler, et. al., 2006, p. 1-2). For application of SHRM, a proper hierarchy has to followed, like it must start with a basic legal compliance, then it should be followed by efficient HR processes, then setting of effective HRM Programs and alignment of these with the strategic goals of the organization. All these should follow a pyramidal structure (Office of Merit Systems Oversight and Effectiveness, n.d., p. 1). PEST analysis helps the management to understand the prevailing market condition and to set the appropriate strategies. The four elements to PEST analysis are Political scenario, Economical state, Social condition and Technological sectors. Political scenario- politically the country is conservative and its legal system is based on

Palm Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Palm Overview - Essay Example This paper is prepared with the objective of providing a clear understanding regarding the strategic position of Palm Inc. The paper includes mission and vision of the company. In addition to these the paper also contains the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of Palm Inc. Palm Inc. California based Palm Inc was established in the year 1992. Till July, 2005 the company was known as PalmOne Inc. (Business Week, No Date). The company provides mobile products to its individual as well as business customers who are spread throughout the world. It is popular for offering integrated technologies that allow people in staying connected with friends, families and colleagues. Thanks to these technologies, customers of Palm Inc. are enabled to share and access all the important and latest information and hence manage their everyday lives more effectively. The company employs almost 1000 people (Business Week, No Date). Current Situation Mission & Vision During the early days Palmà ¢â‚¬â„¢s main mission was to become a leader in the software market for handheld computers as well as for various other communication devices (Butter & Pogue, 2002). With the passage of time, the company has broadened its view. It has thought beyond becoming a leading software maker in the world of handheld computer. At present, the company’s vision is improving and enhancing the daily lives of individuals and organizations. The company aims to enable it’s customers to access and share any type of information through various advance mode of communication at any time from anywhere in the world (Tiffany & Peterson, 2007). Strengths Palm Inc. is mainly known for smart phones. It is one of the leading names in the world of ‘Personal Digital Assistants’ (Ogg, E. 2010). The company has an exclusive brand identity due to its strong presence in the market of handheld computers. In fact there was a time when the company used to dominate also 70% of the handheld com puter market in US (Ogg, E. 2010). As a result, it can be said that the company has reasonably strong brand image in the mobile communication market. After being acquired by a big company like HP, Palm is certainly in a better position now. HP is known to be one of the biggest companies in the computer manufacturing industry. It has strong presence in all the major PC markets in the world. Palm is expected to get all the possible financial support from HP to complete its major projects. Furthermore, the excellent brand image of HP is likely to help the company in the process of selling its products in the global markets. Palm Inc deals with high end technologies and it has enough technical expertise to challenge the big brands like Apple, Microsoft and Google. With the help of HP, the company can improve its technological base and come up with new advanced high end products for its customers. The famous webOS of Palm is still one of the best operating systems that are ever designed specifically for various mobile applications. The company is also famous for the creation of Pre which is considered as one of the best smart phones in the world (Saitto and Levy, 2010). Weaknesses Palm Inc., one of the most innovative companies in the high end computer